![]() • (1997) • (1998) • (1999) • (2000) • (2003) • (2005) • (2007) Author Country United Kingdom Language English Genre,,,,, Publisher (UK) (US) Published 26 June 1997 – 21 July 2007 (initial publication) Media type Print (hardback & paperback) (as of March 2012 ) No. Of books 7 Website Harry Potter is a series of written by British author. The novels chronicle the life of a young,, and his friends and, all of whom are students. The main concerns Harry's struggle against, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the, and subjugate all wizards and, a reference term that means non-magical people. Since the release of the first novel,, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide. They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers, and are often considered cornerstones of modern young adult literature. The series has also had its share of criticism, including concern about the increasingly dark tone as the series progressed, as well as the often gruesome and graphic violence it depicts. As of May 2013, the books have sold more than 500 million copies worldwide, making them the, and have been. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history, with the final instalment selling roughly eleven million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release. The series was originally published in English by two major publishers, in the United Kingdom and in the United States. A play,, based on a story co-written by Rowling, premiered in London on 30 July 2016 at the, and its script was published. The original seven books were adapted into an eight-part by, which has become the second of all time as of August 2015. In 2016, the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $25 billion, making Harry Potter. A series of many, including,,, and the British (which includes elements of,,,, and ), the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references. According to Rowling, the main is death. Other major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, and madness. The success of the books and films has allowed the Harry Potter franchise to expand, with numerous derivative works, a travelling exhibition that premiered in Chicago in 2009, a studio tour in London that opened in 2012, on which J.K. Rowling updates the series with new information and insight, and a pentalogy of spin-off films premiering in November 2016 with, among many other developments. Most recently, themed attractions, collectively known as, have been built at several amusement parks around the world. Further information: The central character in the series is, an English boy who lives with his aunt, uncle, and cousin - the - who discovers, at the age of eleven, that he is a, though he lives in the ordinary world of non-magical people known as. ![]() The wizarding world exists parallel to the Muggle world, albeit hidden and in secrecy. His magical ability is inborn and children with such abilities are invited to attend exclusive magic schools that teach the necessary skills to succeed in the. Harry becomes a student at School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a wizarding academy in Scotland and it is here where most of the events in the series take place. As Harry develops through his adolescence, he learns to overcome the problems that face him: magical, social and emotional, including ordinary teenage challenges such as friendships, infatuation, romantic relationships, schoolwork and exams, anxiety, depression, stress, and the greater test of preparing himself for the confrontation that lies ahead in wizarding Britain's increasingly-violent second wizarding war. Each novel chronicles one year in Harry's life during the period from 1991 to 1998. I am talking about that website that sells you anything under the sun: Amazon.com You want: 1. Harry Potter eBooks 2. That can be downloaded 4. Download Harry Potter (ALL Parts Books) - Free epub, mobi, pdf ebooks download, ebook torrents download. Browse best ebooks. Genre Harry Potter Books. Find Any Genre in our library. OnRead.com is the biggest online e-book storage in. Harry potter and the cursed child is eights story of book series Harry potter by J.k Rownling. Harry potter. Torrent Fret12 Presents A Free Lesson From Shivy Video Song. Results for › 'download all parts of harry potter. Harry potter all parts download in. The books also contain many, which are frequently experienced by Harry viewing the memories of other characters in a device called a. The environment Rowling created is intimately connected to reality. The British magical community of the Harry Potter books is inspired by 1990s British culture, European folklore, classical mythology and, incorporating objects and wildlife such as, magic plants, potions, spells, flying,, and other magical creatures, the, and the, beside others invented by Rowling. ![]() While the of is an and the ' a mythic past, the wizarding world of Harry Potter exists in parallel within the real world and contains magical versions of the ordinary elements of everyday life, with the action mostly set in Scotland (Hogwarts), the West Country, Devon, London and Surrey in southeast England. The world only accessible to wizards and magical beings comprises a fragmented collection of overlooked hidden streets, ancient pubs, lonely country manors and secluded castles invisible to the Muggle population. Early years When the first novel of the series, (published in America and other countries as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone) opens, it is apparent that some significant event has taken place in the Wizarding World – an event so very remarkable, even Muggles (non-magical people) notice signs of it. The full background to this event and Harry Potter's past is revealed gradually through the series. After the introductory chapter, the book leaps forward to a time shortly before Harry Potter's eleventh birthday, and it is at this point that his magical background begins to be revealed. ![]() Despite Harry's aunt and uncle's desperate prevention of Harry gleaning about his powers, their efforts are in vain. Harry meets a half-giant,, who is also his first contact with the Wizarding World. Hagrid reveals himself to be the Keeper of Keys and Grounds at Hogwarts as well as some of Harry's history. Harry learns that, as a baby, he witnessed his parents' murder by the power-obsessed dark wizard, who subsequently attempted to kill him as well. Instead, the unexpected happened: Harry survived with only a lightning-shaped scar on his forehead as a memento of the attack and Voldemort disappeared soon afterwards, gravely weakened by his own rebounding curse. As its inadvertent saviour from Voldemort's reign of terror, Harry has become a living legend in the Wizarding World. However, at the orders of the venerable and well-known wizard, the orphaned Harry had been placed in the home of his unpleasant relatives, the Dursleys, who have kept him safe but treated him poorly, including confining him to a cupboard without meals and torturing him like he is their servant. ![]() Hagrid then officially invites Harry to attend Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a famous magic school in Scotland that educates young teenagers on their magical development for seven years, from age eleven to seventeen. With Hagrid's help, Harry prepares for and undertakes his first year of study at Hogwarts. As Harry begins to explore the magical world, the reader is introduced to many of the primary locations used throughout the series. Harry meets most of the main characters and gains his two closest friends:, a fun-loving member of an ancient, large, happy, but poor wizarding family, and, a gifted, bright, and hardworking witch of non-magical parentage. Harry also encounters the school's potions master,, who displays a conspicuously deep and abiding dislike for him, the rich brat whom he quickly makes enemies with, and the teacher,, who later turns out to be allied with Lord Voldemort. He also discovers a talent of flying on broomsticks and is recruited for his house's Quidditch team, a sport in the wizarding world where players fly on broomsticks. The first book concludes with Harry's second confrontation with Lord Voldemort, who, in his quest to regain a body, yearns to gain the power of the, a substance that bestows everlasting life and turns any metal into pure gold. The series continues with, describing Harry's second year at Hogwarts. He and his friends investigate a 50-year-old mystery that appears uncannily related to recent sinister events at the school. Ron's younger sister,, enrolls in her first year at Hogwarts, and finds an old notebook in her belongings which turns out to be an alumnus's diary, Tom Marvolo Riddle, later revealed to be Voldemort's younger self, who is bent on ridding the school of 'mudbloods', a derogatory term describing wizards and witches of non-magical parentage. The memory of Tom Riddle resides inside of the diary and when Ginny begins to confide in the diary, Voldemort is able to possess her. Through the diary, Ginny acts on Voldemort's orders and unconsciously opens the 'Chamber of Secrets', unleashing an ancient monster, later revealed to be a, which begins attacking students at Hogwarts. It kills those who make direct eye contact with it and petrifies those who look at it indirectly. The book also introduces a new teacher,, a highly cheerful, self-conceited wizard with a pretentious facade, later turning out to be a fraud. Harry discovers that prejudice exists in the Wizarding World through delving into the school's history, and learns that Voldemort's reign of terror was often directed at wizards and witches who were descended from Muggles. Harry also learns about the innate ability of his to speak the snake language is rare and often associated with the. When Hermione is attacked and petrified, Harry and Ron finally piece together the puzzles and unlock the Chamber of Secrets, with Harry destroying the diary for good and saving Ginny, and also destroying a part of Voldemort's soul. The end of the book reveals Lucius Malfoy, Draco's father and rival of Ron and Ginny's father, to be the culprit who slipped the book into Ginny's belongings and introduced the diary into Hogwarts. The third novel,, follows Harry in his third year of magical education. It is the only book in the series which does not feature Lord Voldemort in any form. Instead, Harry must deal with the knowledge that he has been targeted by, his father's best friend, and, according to the Wizarding World, an escaped mass murderer who assisted in the murder of Harry's parents. As Harry struggles with his reaction to the – dark creatures with the power to devour a human soul and feed on despair – which are ostensibly protecting the school, he reaches out to, a teacher who is eventually revealed to be a. Lupin teaches Harry defensive measures which are well above the level of magic generally executed by people his age. Harry comes to know that both Lupin and Black were best friends of his father and that Black was framed by their fourth friend,, who had been hiding as Ron's pet rat, Scabbers. In this book, a recurring theme throughout the series is emphasised – in every book there is a new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, none of whom lasts more than one school year. Voldemort returns. Main article: Harry Potter and the Cursed Child is a two-part stage. It was written by and based on a story by author, Thorne and director. The play opened on 30 July 2016 at the,,. The script was released on 31 July 2016. The story is set nineteen years after the ending of and follows, now a employee, and his youngest son. The play's official synopsis was released on 23 October 2015: It was always difficult being Harry Potter and it isn’t much easier now that he is an overworked employee of the Ministry of Magic, a husband, and father of three school-age children. While Harry grapples with a past that refuses to stay where it belongs, his youngest son Albus must struggle with the weight of a family legacy he never wanted. As past and present fuse ominously, both father and son learn the uncomfortable truth: sometimes, darkness comes from unexpected places. In-universe books. See also: Rowling has expanded the with several short books produced for various charities. In 2001, she released (a purported Hogwarts textbook) and (a book Harry reads for fun). Proceeds from the sale of these two books benefited the charity. In 2007, Rowling composed seven handwritten copies of, a collection of fairy tales that is featured in the final novel, one of which was auctioned to raise money for the Children's High Level Group, a fund for mentally disabled children in poor countries. The book was published internationally on 4 December 2008. Rowling also wrote an 800-word in 2008 as part of a fundraiser organised by the bookseller. All three of these books contain extra information about the wizarding world not included in the original novels. In 2016, she released three new e-books:, and. Pottermore website In 2011, Rowling launched a new website announcing an upcoming project called. Pottermore opened to the general public on 14 April 2012. Pottermore allows users to be sorted, be chosen by their wand and play various minigames. The main purpose of the website was to allow the user to journey though the story with access to content not revealed by JK Rowling previously, with over 18,000 words of additional content. In September 2015, the website was completely overhauled and most of the features were removed. The site has been redesigned and it mainly focuses on the information already available, rather than exploration. Structure and genre The Harry Potter novels are mainly directed at a young adult audience as opposed to an audience of middle grade readers, children, or adults. The novels fall within the genre of, and qualify as a type of fantasy called ', 'contemporary fantasy', or 'low fantasy'. They are mainly dramas, and maintain a fairly serious and dark tone throughout, though they do contain some notable instances of and black humour. In many respects, they are also examples of the, or novel, and contain elements of, adventure,,, and. The books are also, in the words of, 'shrewd mystery tales', and each book is constructed in the manner of a -style adventure. The stories are told from a point of view with very few exceptions (such as the opening chapters of, and and the first two chapters of ). The series can be considered part of the British children's, which includes 's, 's, and the series, and novels: the Harry Potter books are predominantly set in, a fictional British boarding school for wizards, where the curriculum includes the use of. In this sense they are 'in a direct line of descent from 's and other Victorian and Edwardian novels of life', though they are, as many note, more contemporary, grittier, darker, and more mature than the typical boarding school novel, addressing serious themes of death, love, loss, prejudice, coming-of-age, and the loss of innocence in a 1990s British setting. Each of the seven books is set over the course of one school year. Harry struggles with the problems he encounters, and dealing with them often involves the need to violate some school rules. If students are caught breaking rules, they are often disciplined by Hogwarts professors. The stories reach their climax in the, near or just after, when events escalate far beyond in-school squabbles and struggles, and Harry must confront either or one of his followers, the, with the stakes a matter of life and death – a point underlined, as the series progresses, by characters being killed in each of the final four books. In the aftermath, he learns important lessons through exposition and discussions with head teacher and. The only exception to this school-centred setting is the final novel,, in which Harry and his friends spend most of their time away from Hogwarts, and only return there to face Voldemort at the. Themes According to Rowling, a major theme in the series is death: 'My books are largely about death. They open with the death of Harry's parents. There is Voldemort's obsession with conquering death and his quest for at any price, the goal of anyone with magic. I so understand why Voldemort wants to conquer death. We're all frightened of it.' Academics and journalists have developed many other interpretations of themes in the books, some more complex than others, and some including. Themes such as, oppression, survival, and overcoming imposing odds have all been considered as prevalent throughout the series. Similarly, the theme of making one's way through adolescence and 'going over one's most harrowing ordeals – and thus coming to terms with them' has also been considered. Rowling has stated that the books comprise 'a prolonged argument for tolerance, a prolonged plea for an end to ' and that they also pass on a message to 'question authority and. Not assume that the establishment or the press tells you all of the truth'. While the books could be said to comprise many other themes, such as power/abuse of power, violence and hatred, love, loss, prejudice, and free choice, they are, as Rowling states, 'deeply entrenched in the whole plot'; the writer prefers to let themes 'grow organically', rather than sitting down and consciously attempting to impart such ideas to her readers. Along the same lines is the ever-present theme of adolescence, in whose depiction Rowling has been purposeful in acknowledging her characters' sexualities and not leaving Harry, as she put it, 'stuck in a state of permanent pre-pubescence'. Rowling has also been praised for her nuanced depiction of the ways in which death and violence affects youth, and humanity as a whole. Rowling said that, to her, the moral significance of the tales seems 'blindingly obvious'. The key for her was the choice between what is right and what is easy, 'because that is how tyranny is started, with people being and taking the easy route and suddenly finding themselves in deep trouble.' Main article: In 1990, Rowling was on a crowded train from to London when the idea for Harry suddenly 'fell into her head'. Rowling gives an account of the experience on her website saying: 'I had been writing almost continuously since the age of six but I had never been so excited about an idea before. I simply sat and thought, for four (delayed train) hours, and all the details bubbled up in my brain, and this scrawny, black-haired, bespectacled boy who did not know he was a wizard became more and more real to me.' Rowling completed Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in 1995 and the was sent off to several prospective. The second agent she tried, Christopher Little, offered to represent her and sent the manuscript to Bloomsbury. Publishing history. The logo used in British, Australian, and Canadian editions before 2010, which uses the typeface. After eight other publishers had rejected Philosopher's Stone, Bloomsbury offered Rowling a £2,500 advance for its publication. Despite Rowling's statement that she did not have any particular in mind when beginning to write the Harry Potter books, the publishers initially targeted children aged nine to eleven. On the eve of publishing, Rowling was asked by her publishers to adopt a more pen name in order to appeal to the male members of this age group, fearing that they would not be interested in reading a novel they knew to be written by a woman. She elected to use J. Rowling (Joanne Kathleen Rowling), using her grandmother's name as her second name because she has no. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was published by, the publisher of all Harry Potter books in the United Kingdom, on 26 June 1997. It was released in the United States on 1 September 1998 by – the American publisher of the books – as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, after Rowling had received US$105,000 for the American rights – a record amount for a children's book by an unknown author. Fearing that American readers would not associate the word 'philosopher' with magic (although the is alchemy-related), Scholastic insisted that the book be given the title Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone for the American market. The second book, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets was originally published in the UK on 2 July 1998 and in the US on 2 June 1999. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban was then published a year later in the UK on 8 July 1999 and in the US on 8 September 1999. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire was published on 8 July 2000 at the same time by and. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is the longest book in the series at 766 pages in the UK version and 870 pages in the US version. It was published worldwide in English on 21 June 2003. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was published on 16 July 2005, and it sold 9 million copies in the first 24 hours of its worldwide release. The seventh and final novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, was published on 21 July 2007. The book sold 11 million copies in the first 24 hours of release, breaking down to 2.7 million copies in the UK and 8.3 million in the US. The Russian translation of The Deathly Hallows goes on sale in, 2007 The series has been translated into 67 languages, placing Rowling among the most translated authors in history. The books have seen translations to diverse languages such as,,,,,,,,,,, and. The first volume has been translated into and even, making it the longest published work in Ancient Greek since the novels of in the 3rd century AD. The second volume has also been translated into Latin. Some of the translators hired to work on the books were well-known authors before their work on Harry Potter, such as, who oversaw the Russian translation of the series' fifth book. The translation of books two to seven was undertaken by, a popular literary critic and cultural commentator. For reasons of secrecy, translation on a given book could only start after it had been released in English, leading to a lag of several months before the translations were available. This led to more and more copies of the English editions being sold to impatient fans in non-English speaking countries; for example, such was the clamour to read the fifth book that its English language edition became the first English-language book ever to top the best-seller list in France. The United States editions were adapted into to make them more understandable to a young American audience. Completion of the series In December 2005, Rowling stated on her web site, '2006 will be the year when I write the final book in the Harry Potter series.' Updates then followed in her chronicling the progress of, with the release date of 21 July 2007. The book itself was finished on 11 January 2007 in the, Edinburgh, where she scrawled a message on the back of a bust of. Rowling finished writing Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows in this room (552) on 11 January 2007.' Rowling herself has stated that the last chapter of the final book (in fact, the epilogue) was completed 'in something like 1990'. In June 2006, Rowling, on an appearance on the British talk show, announced that the chapter had been modified as one character 'got a reprieve' and two others who previously survived the story had in fact been killed. On 28 March 2007, the cover art for the Bloomsbury Adult and Child versions and the Scholastic version were released. In September 2012, Rowling mentioned in an interview that she might go back to make a ' of two of the existing Harry Potter books. Cover art For cover art, Bloomsbury chose painted art in a classic style of design, with the first cover a watercolour and pencil drawing by illustrator showing Harry boarding the Hogwarts Express, and a title in the font. The first releases of the successive books in the series followed in the same style but somewhat more realistic, illustrating scenes from the books. These covers were created by first and then Jason Cockroft. Due to the appeal of the books among an adult audience, Bloomsbury commissioned a second line of editions in an 'adult' style. These initially used black-and-white photographic art for the covers showing objects from the books (including a very American Hogwarts Express) without depicting people, but later shifted to partial colourisation with a picture of Slytherin's locket on the cover of the final book. International and later editions have been created by a range of designers, including for U.S. Audiences and in Finland. For a later American release, created covers in a somewhat anime-influenced style. For more details on this topic, see. Fans of the series were so eager for the latest instalment that bookstores around the world began holding events to coincide with the midnight release of the books, beginning with the 2000 publication of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. The events, commonly featuring mock sorting, games, face painting, and other live entertainment have achieved popularity with Potter fans and have been highly successful in attracting fans and selling books with nearly nine million of the 10.8 million initial print copies of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince sold in the first 24 hours. The final book in the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows became the fastest selling book in history, moving 11 million units in the first twenty-four hours of release. The series has also gathered adult fans, leading to the release of two editions of each Harry Potter book, identical in text but with one edition's cover artwork aimed at children and the other aimed at adults. Besides meeting online through blogs,, and fansites, Harry Potter super-fans can also meet at Harry Potter. The word Muggle has spread beyond its Harry Potter origins, becoming one of few pop culture words to land in the. The Harry Potter fandom has embraced podcasts as a regular, often weekly, insight to the latest discussion in the fandom. Both and have reached the top spot of iTunes podcast rankings and have been polled one of the top 50 favourite podcasts. Some lessons identified in the series include diversity, acceptance, political tolerance, and equality. Surveys of over 1,000 college students in the United States show that those who read the books were significantly different than those who had not. Readers of the series were found to be more tolerant, more opposed to violence and torture, less authoritarian, and less cynical. Although it is not known if this is a cause-and-effect relationship, there is a clear correlation, and it seems that Harry Potter's cultural impact may be stronger than just a fandom bond. At the in 2009, performed an original musical parodying the Harry Potter series called. The musical was awarded 's 10 Best Viral Videos of 2009. Characters and elements from the series have inspired of several organisms, including the dinosaur, the spider, the wasp, and the crab. Commercial success. Main articles:,,, and The books have been the subject of a number of, stemming from various conflicts over copyright and trademark infringements. The popularity and high of the series has led Rowling, her publishers, and film distributor to take legal measures to protect their copyright, which have included banning the sale of Harry Potter imitations, targeting the owners of websites over the 'Harry Potter', and suing author to counter her accusations that Rowling had plagiarised her work. Various religious conservatives have claimed that the books promote witchcraft and religions such as and are therefore unsuitable for children, while a number of critics have criticised the books for promoting various political agendas. The books also aroused controversies in the literary and publishing worlds. From 1997 to 1998, won almost all the UK awards judged by children, but none of the children's book awards judged by adults, and Sandra Beckett suggested the reason was towards books that were popular among children. In 1999, the winner of the children's division was entered for the first time on the shortlist for the main award, and one judge threatened to resign if was declared the overall winner; it finished second, very close behind the winner of the poetry prize, 's translation of the. In 2000, shortly before the publication of, the previous three Harry Potter books topped the New York Times fiction best-seller list and a third of the entries were children's books. The newspaper created a new children's section covering children's books, including both fiction and non-fiction, and initially counting only hardback sales. The move was supported by publishers and booksellers. In 2004, The New York Times further split the children's list, which was still dominated by Harry Potter books into sections for series and individual books, and removed the Harry Potter books from the section for individual books. The split in 2000 attracted condemnation, praise and some comments that presented both benefits and disadvantages of the move. Time suggested that, on the same principle, Billboard should have created a separate ' list in 1964 when the held the top five places in its list, and should have created a separate game-show list when dominated the. Adaptations Films. The locomotive that features as the 'Hogwarts Express' in the film series. In 1998, Rowling sold the film rights of the first four Harry Potter books to for a reported £1 million ($1,982,900). Rowling demanded the principal cast be kept strictly British, nonetheless allowing for the inclusion of Irish actors such as the late as Dumbledore, and for casting of French and Eastern European actors in where characters from the book are specified as such. After many directors including,,, and were considered, was appointed on 28 March 2000 as the director for (titled ' Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone' in the United States), with Warner Bros. Citing his work on other family films such as and and proven experience with directing children as influences for their decision. After, filming began in October 2000 at and in London itself, with production ending in July 2001. Philosopher's Stone was released on 14 November 2001. Just three days after the film's release, production for, also directed by Columbus, began. Filming was completed in summer 2002, with the film being released on 15 November 2002. Portrayed, doing so for all succeeding films in the franchise. Columbus declined to direct, only acting as producer. Mexican director took over the job, and after shooting in 2003, the film was released on 4 June 2004. Due to the fourth film beginning its production before the third's release, was chosen as the director for, released on 18 November 2005. Newell became the first British director of the series, with television director following suit after he was chosen to helm. Production began in January 2006 and the film was released the following year in July 2007. After executives were 'really delighted' with his work on the film, Yates was selected to direct, which was released on 15 July 2009. Main article: Harry Potter and the Cursed Child: Parts I and II is a play which serves as a sequel to the books, beginning nineteen years after the events of. It was written by based on an original new story by Thorne, Rowling and. It has run at the in London's since previews began on 7 June 2016 with an official premiere on 30 June 2016. The first four months of tickets for the June–September performances were sold out within several hours upon release. Forthcoming productions are planned for Broadway and Melborne. The script was released as a book at the time of the premiere, with a revised version following the next year. Attractions The Wizarding World of Harry Potter. Hogwarts Castle as depicted in the Wizarding World of Harry Potter, located in Universal Orlando Resort's Island of Adventure After the success of the films and books, Universal and Warner Brothers announced they would create The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, a new Harry Potter-themed expansion to the theme park at in Florida. The land officially opened to the public on 18 June 2010. It includes a re-creation of and several rides. The flagship attraction is, which exists within a re-creation of School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Other rides include, a pair of, and, a. Four years later, on 8 July 2014, Universal opened a Harry Potter-themed area at the theme park. It includes a re-creation of and connecting alleys and a small section of. The flagship attraction is roller coaster ride. Universal also added a completely functioning recreation of the connecting Kings Cross Station at Universal Studios Florida to the Hogsmeade station at Islands of Adventure. Both Hogsmeade and Diagon Alley contain many shops and restaurants from the book series, including Weasley's Wizard Wheezes and The Leaky Cauldron. On 15 July 2014, The Wizarding World of Harry Potter opened at the theme park in, Japan. It includes the village of Hogsmeade, Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey ride, and Flight of the Hippogriff roller coaster. On 7 April 2016, The Wizarding World of Harry Potter opened at the theme park near,. United Kingdom In March 2011, Warner Bros. Announced plans to build a tourist attraction in the United Kingdom to showcase the Harry Potter film series. Studio Tour London is a behind-the-scenes walking tour featuring authentic sets, costumes and props from the film series. The attraction,, is located at, where all eight of the Harry Potter films were made. Constructed two new sound stages to house and showcase the famous sets from each of the British-made productions, following a £100 million investment. It opened to the public in March 2012. Running time 1179 minutes Country United Kingdom United States Language English Budget Total (8 films) $1.2 billion Box office Total (8 films) $7.7 billion Harry Potter is a British-American based on the novels by author. The series is distributed by and consists of eight, beginning with (2001) and culminating with (2011). A series will consist of five films, starting with (2016). The Fantastic Beasts films mark the beginning of a shared media franchise known as. The series was mainly produced by, and stars,, and as the three leading characters:,, and. Four directors worked on the series:,,, and. Wrote the screenplay for (2007), while the remaining films had their screenplays written. Production took place over ten years, with the main following Harry Potter's quest to overcome his arch-enemy., the seventh and final novel in the series, was adapted into two feature-length parts. Was released in November 2010, and was released in July 2011. Six of the series' eight films are among the, with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, the highest-grossing film in the series and one of 31 films to gross over $1 billion, ranking at number eight. Without inflation adjustment, it is with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Origins Late in 1997, film producer David Heyman's London offices received a copy of the first book in what would become Rowling's series of seven Harry Potter novels. The book,, was relegated to a low-priority bookshelf, where it was discovered by a secretary who read it and gave it to Heyman with a positive review. Consequently, Heyman, who had originally disliked 'the rubbish title', read the book himself. Highly impressed by Rowling's work, he began the process that led to one of the most successful cinematic franchises of all time. Heyman's enthusiasm led to Rowling's 1999 sale of the film rights for the first four Harry Potter books to Warner Bros. For a reported 1 million (US$2,000,000). A demand Rowling made was that the principal cast be kept strictly British, allowing nevertheless for the inclusion of many Irish actors, such as as Dumbledore, and for casting of French and Eastern European actors in where characters from the book are specified as such. Rowling was hesitant to sell the rights because she 'didn't want to give them control over the rest of the story' by selling the rights to the characters, which would have enabled Warner Bros. To make non-author-written sequels. Although initially negotiated to direct the first film, he declined the offer. Spielberg wanted the adaptation to be an, with American actor providing Harry Potter's voice. Spielberg contended that, in his opinion, there was every expectation of profit in making the film. He claims that making money would have been like 'shooting ducks in a barrel. It's just a slam dunk. It's just like withdrawing a billion dollars and putting it into your personal bank accounts. There's no challenge'. In the 'Rubbish' Bin section of her website, Rowling maintains that she had no role in choosing directors for the films, writing 'Anyone who thinks I could (or would) have 'veto-ed' him [Spielberg] needs their serviced.' After Spielberg left, conversations began with other directors, including,,,,,,,,, and. Petersen and Reiner both pulled out of the running in March 2000. It was then narrowed down to Columbus, Gilliam, Parker, and Silberling. Rowling's first choice was Terry Gilliam. However, on 28 March 2000 Columbus was appointed as director of the film, with Warner Bros. Citing his work on other family films such as and as influences for their decision. Harry Potter is the kind of timeless literary achievement that comes around once in a lifetime. Since the books have generated such a passionate following across the world, it was important to us to find a director that has an affinity for both children and magic. I can't think of anyone more ideally suited for this job than Chris [Columbus]. —, was selected to write the screenplay for the first film. He described adapting the book as 'tough' since it did not 'lend itself to adaptation as well as the next two books'. Kloves was sent a 'raft' of synopses of books proposed as film adaptations, with Harry Potter being the only one that jumped out at him. He went out and bought the book, becoming an instant fan. When speaking to Warner Bros. He stated that the film had to be British and true to the characters. David Heyman was confirmed to produce the film. Rowling received a large amount of creative control for the film, an arrangement that Columbus did not mind. Had initially planned to release the first film over the 4 July 2001 weekend, making for such a short production window that several of the originally proposed directors had withdrawn themselves from contention. Eventually, due to time constraints, the date was put back to 16 November 2001. Casting the roles of Harry, Ron, and Hermione. And at the world premiere of in, on 7 July 2011. In 2000, after a seven-month search, lead actor was discovered by producer David Heyman and writer Steve Kloves seated just behind them in a theatre. In Heyman's own words, 'There sitting behind me was this boy with these big blue eyes. It was Dan Radcliffe. I remember my first impressions: He was curious and funny and so energetic. There was real generosity too, and sweetness. But at the same time he was really voracious and with hunger for knowledge of whatever kind.' Radcliffe had already established himself as an actor in the 1999 television production of in which he played the title role's childhood years. Heyman persuaded Radcliffe's parents to allow him to audition for the part of, which involved Radcliffe being filmed. (This footage was released via the first set of Ultimate Editions in 2009.) Rowling was enthusiastic after viewing Radcliffe's filmed test, saying she didn't think there was a better choice for the part of Harry Potter. Also in 2000, the then unknown British actors and were selected from thousands of auditioning children to play the roles of and, respectively. Their only previous acting experience was in school plays. Grint was eleven years old and Watson ten at the time they were cast. Writer Geoff Boucher, who conducted the above-mentioned interview with Heyman, added that the casting of the three major roles 'is especially impressive in hindsight. The trio's selection was arguably one of the best show-business decisions over the past decade. They have shown admirable grace and steadiness in the face of teen superstardom.' Production Filming of the series began at, Hertfordshire, England, in September 2000 and ended in December 2010, with post-production on the final film lasting until summer 2011. Leavesden Studios was the main base for filming Harry Potter, and it opened to the public as a studio tour in 2012 (renamed as Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden). Motion Picture Director Writer Producer(s) Composer Novel by Chris Columbus, David Heyman & Mark Radcliffe David Heyman David Heyman & Steve Kloves David Heyman, David Barron &. Where much of the film series was shot. Harry Potter was also filmed in other areas, including. David Heyman produced all the films in the series with his production company, while David Barron joined the series as an executive producer on Chamber of Secrets and Goblet of Fire. Barron was later appointed producer on the last four films. Chris Columbus was an executive producer on the first two films alongside Mark Radcliffe and, but he became a producer on the third film alongside Heyman and Radcliffe. Other executive producers include and. Rowling, author of the series, was asked to become a producer on Goblet of Fire but declined. She subsequently accepted the role on the two-part Deathly Hallows. Heyday Films and Columbus' company collaborated with Duncan Henderson Productions in 2001, Miracle Productions in 2002, and P of A Productions in 2004. Even though Prisoner of Azkaban was the final film produced by 1492 Pictures, Heyday Films continued with the franchise and collaborated with Patalex IV Productions in 2005. The sixth film in the series, Half-Blood Prince, was the most expensive film to produce as of 2009. Split the seventh and final novel in the series, Deathly Hallows, into two cinematic parts. The two parts were filmed back-to-back from early 2009 to summer 2010, with the completion of reshoots taking place on 21 December 2010; this marked the end of filming Harry Potter. Heyman stated that Deathly Hallows was ' but released in two feature-length parts. Tim Burke, the visual effects supervisor of the series, said of the production on Harry Potter, 'It was this huge family; I think there were over 700 people working at Leavesden, an industry in itself.' David Heyman said, 'When the first film opened, no way did I think we'd make eight films. That didn't seem feasible until after we'd done the fourth.' Nisha Parti, the production consultant on the first film, said that Heyman 'made the first film very much the way he felt the studio Warner Bros. Wanted to make it.' After the film's success, Heyman was given 'more freedom'. One of the aims of the filmmakers from the beginning of production was to develop the maturity of the films. Chris Columbus stated, 'We realised that these movies would get progressively darker. Again, we didn't know how dark but we realised that as the kids get older, the movies get a little edgier and darker.' This transpired with the succeeding three directors who would work on the series in the following years, with the films beginning to deal with issues such as death, betrayal, prejudice, and political corruption as the series developed narratively and thematically. Directors After had finished working on Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, he was hired to direct the second film, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. The production started within a week after the release of the first film. Columbus was set to direct all entries in the series, but he did not want to return for the third film, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, claiming he was 'burned out'. He moved to the position of producer, while was approached for the role of director. He was initially nervous about directing the instalment since he had not read any of the books or seen the films. After reading the series, he changed his mind and signed on to direct since he had immediately connected to the story. A studio model of. It is the main setting in the series; the castle features in every novel and screen adaptation. In a 2010 interview, David Heyman briefly explained the book-to-film transition. He commented on Rowling's involvement in the series, stating that she understood that 'books and films are different' and was 'the best support' a producer could have. Rowling had overall approval on the scripts, which were viewed and discussed by the director and the producers. Heyman also said that Kloves was the 'key voice' in the process of adapting the novels and that certain aspects from the books needed to have been excluded from the scripts due to the filmmakers' decision to keep the main focus on Harry's journey as a character, which would ultimately give the films a defined structure. Heyman mentioned that some fans 'don't necessarily understand the adaptation process' and that the filmmakers would have loved to 'have everything' from the books in the films but noted that it was not possible since they had 'neither time nor cinematic structure' to do so. He finished by saying that adapting a novel to the screen is 'a really considered process.' Because the films were being made as the novels were being published, the filmmakers had no idea of the story's outcome until the release of the final novel in 2007. Kloves spoke of his relationship with Rowling when adapting the novels by saying, 'The thing is about Jo, which is remarkable for someone who had no experience with the filmmaking process, was her intuition. We had a conversation the very first day I met her where she said, 'I know the movies can't be the books. Because I know what's coming and it's impossible to fully dramatise on screen what I'm going to write. But I just ask you to be true to the characters; that's all I care about.' ' Kloves also said, 'I don't know what compelled me to say this [to Rowling], but I said, 'I've just got to warn you my favourite character is not Harry. My favourite character is Hermione.' And I think for some weird reason, from that moment on, she sort of trusted me.' Cast and crew. Scored the first three films and received nominations for the first and third films. The Harry Potter series has had four composers. Scored the first three films:,, and. However, the second entry was adapted and conducted by due to Williams's conflicting commitments. Williams also created Hedwig's Theme, which is used in every film in the series. After Williams left the series to pursue other projects, scored the fourth entry,, which was directed by, with whom Doyle had worked previously. In 2006, started work on the score to by reuniting with director. Hooper also composed the soundtrack to but decided not to return for the final films. In January 2010, was confirmed to compose the score for. The film's orchestration started in the summer with, the orchestrator on the first three Harry Potter films, collaborating with Desplat. Pope commented that the music 'reminds one of the old days.' Desplat returned to score in 2011. Director David Yates stated that he wanted John Williams to return to the series for the final installment, but their schedules did not align due to the urgent demand for a rough cut of the film. The final recording sessions of Harry Potter took place on 27 May 2011 at with the, orchestrator Conrad Pope, and composer Alexandre Desplat. Doyle, Hooper, and Desplat introduced their own personal themes to their respective soundtracks, while keeping a few of John Williams's themes. Visual effects There have been many companies to work on the Harry Potter series. Some of these include,,,, and. The latter three have worked on all the films in the series, while Double Negative and Rising Sun Pictures began their commitments with Prisoner of Azkaban and Goblet of Fire, respectively. Framestore contributed by developing many memorable creatures and sequences to the series. Cinesite was involved in producing both miniature and digital effects for the films. Producer said that ' Harry Potter created the UK effects industry as we know it. On the first film, all the complicated visual effects were done on the [US] west coast. But on the second, we took a leap of faith and gave much of what would normally be given to Californian vendors to UK ones. They came up trumps.' Tim Burke, the visual effects supervisor, said many studios 'are bringing their work to UK effects companies. Every facility is fully booked, and that wasn't the case before Harry Potter. That's really significant.' Final filming. See also: On 12 June 2010, filming of the and was completed with actor stating on his Twitter account, 'The end of an Era – today is officially the last day of principal photography on 'Harry Potter' – ever. I feel honoured to be here as the director shouts cut for the very last time. Farewell Harry & Hogwarts, it's been magic!' However, reshoots of the epilogue scene were confirmed to begin in the winter of 2010. The filming was completed on 21 December 2010, marking the official closure of filming the Harry Potter franchise. Exactly four years earlier on that day, author 's official website revealed the title of the final novel in the series –. Known in India and the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone is an orphaned boy brought up by his unkind Muggle (non-magical) aunt and uncle. At the age of eleven, half-giant informs him that he is actually a and that his parents were murdered by an evil wizard named. Voldemort also attempted to kill one-year-old Harry on the same night, but his killing curse mysteriously rebounded and reduced him to a weak and helpless form. Harry became extremely famous in the as a result. Harry begins his first year at and learns about magic. During the year, Harry and his friends and become entangled in the mystery of the Philosopher's Stone which is being kept within the school. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002). Main article: Harry's fifth year begins with him being attacked by Dementors in Little Whinging. Later, he finds out that the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort's return. Harry is also beset by disturbing and realistic nightmares, while Professor, a representative of Minister for Magic, is the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. Harry becomes aware that Voldemort is after a prophecy which reveals: 'neither can live while the other survives'. The rebellion involving the students of Hogwarts, secret organisation, the Ministry of Magic, and the Death Eaters begins. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009). Main article: In Harry's sixth year at Hogwarts, Lord Voldemort and his Death Eaters are increasing their terror upon the Wizarding and worlds. Headmaster persuades his old friend to return to Hogwarts as a professor as there is a vacancy to fill. There is a more important reason, however, for Slughorn's return. While in a Potions lesson, Harry takes possession of a strangely annotated school textbook, inscribed 'This is the property of the Half-Blood Prince'. Struggles to carry out a deed presented to him by Voldemort. Meanwhile, Dumbledore and Harry secretly work together to discover the method on how to destroy the Dark Lord once and for all. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010). The Potters' Cottage from the final film. After unexpected events at the end of the previous year, Harry, Ron, and Hermione are entrusted with a quest to find and destroy Lord Voldemort's secret to immortality – the. It is supposed to be their final year at Hogwarts, but the collapse of the Ministry of Magic and Voldemort's rise to power prevents them from attending. The trio undergo a long journey with many obstacles in their path including Death Eaters, Snatchers, the mysterious, and Harry's connection with the Dark Lord's mind becoming ever stronger. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). Main article: After destroying one Horcrux and discovering the significance of the three Deathly Hallows, Harry, Ron and Hermione continue to seek the other Horcruxes in an attempt to destroy Voldemort, who has now obtained the powerful. The Dark Lord discovers Harry's hunt for Horcruxes and launches an attack on Hogwarts School, where the trio return for one last stand against the dark forces that threaten the Wizarding and Muggle worlds. Release The rights for the first four novels in the series were sold to Warner Bros. For £1,000,000 by J.K. After the release of the in July 2000, the first film,, was released on 16 November 2001. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $90 million in the United States alone, which set a record opening worldwide. The succeeding three motion picture adaptations followed suit in financial success, while garnering positive reviews from fans and critics. The fifth film,, was released by Warner Bros. On 11 July 2007 in English-speaking countries, except for the UK and Ireland, which released the movie on 12 July. The sixth,, was released on 15 July 2009 to critical acclaim and finished its theatrical run ranked as the number two grossing on the worldwide charts. The final novel,, was split into two cinematic parts: was released on 19 November 2010, and, the conclusion to both the final film and the series, was released on 15 July 2011. Part 1 was originally scheduled to be released in and 2D, but due to a delay in the 3D conversion process, Warner Bros. Released the film only in 2D and IMAX cinemas. However, Part 2 was released in 2D and 3D cinemas as originally planned. The television broadcast rights for the series in the United States are currently held by, which typically airs the films on the network. Disney's contract is expected to end in June 2018, after which, will take control of the rights, after their deal with Warner Bros. Was made in August 2016. The film series has accrued nearly 1.3 billion viewings since their television debut—the highest-watched franchise in television broadcast history. Reception Critical response All the films have been a success financially and critically, making the franchise one of the major Hollywood 'tent-poles' akin to,, and. The series is noted by audiences for growing visually and more mature as each film was released. However, opinions of the films generally divide book fans, with some preferring the more faithful approach of the first two films and others preferring the more stylised character-driven approach of the later films. Some also feel the series has a 'disjointed' feel due to the changes in directors, as well as Michael Gambon's interpretation of Albus Dumbledore differing from that of Richard Harris. Author has been constantly supportive of the films, and evaluated Deathly Hallows as her favourite one in the series. She wrote on her website of the changes in the book-to-film transition, 'It is simply impossible to incorporate every one of my storylines into a film that has to be kept under four hours long. Obviously films have restrictions – novels do not have constraints of time and budget; I can create dazzling effects relying on nothing but the interaction of my own and my readers' imaginations'. Radcliffe, Grint, and Watson were honored outside at the Hand, Foot, and Wand Ceremony,, July 2007. Philosopher's Stone achieved seven BAFTA Award nominations, including Best British Film and Best Supporting Actor for. The film was also nominated for eight Saturn Awards and won for its costumes design. It was also nominated at the for its production design and received the for Best Live Action Family Film along with gaining two other nominations. Chamber of Secrets won the award for Best Live Action Family Film in the Phoenix Film Critics Society. It was nominated for seven Saturn Awards, including Best Director and Best Fantasy Film. The film was nominated for four BAFTA Awards and a Grammy Award for John Williams's score. Prisoner of Azkaban won an Audience Award, as well as Best Feature Film, at the BAFTA Awards. The film also won a BMI Film Music award along with being nominated at the Grammy Awards, Visual Effect Society Awards, and the Amanda Awards. Goblet of Fire won a BAFTA award for as well as being nominated at the Saturn Awards, Critic's Choice Awards, and the Visual Effects Society Awards. Order of the Phoenix picked up three awards at the inaugural. At the, won Best Director. Composer received a nomination for a World Soundtrack Discovery Award. The film was nominated at the BAFTA Awards, but did not win for Best Production Design or Best Special Visual Effects. Half-Blood Prince was nominated for BAFTA Awards in Production Design and Visual Effects, and it was in the longlists for several other categories, including Best Supporting Actor for. Amongst other nominations and wins, the film also achieved Best Family Movie at the as well as Best Live Action Family Film at the Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards, along with being nominated for Best Motion Picture at the. Deathly Hallows – Part 1 gained two nominations at the BAFTA Awards for Best Make-Up and Hair and Best Visual Effects, along with receiving nominations for the same categories at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards. 's cinematography and 's production design were also nominated in various award ceremonies, and David Yates attained his second win at the Empire Awards, this time for Best Fantasy Film. He also obtained another Best Director nomination at the annual Saturn Awards, which also saw the film gain a Best Fantasy Film nomination. Deathly Hallows – Part 2 was released to critical acclaim, gaining a mix of audience awards. Part 2 of Deathly Hallows was also recognised at the Saturn Awards as well as the BAFTA Awards, where the film achieved a win for. Box office performance As of 2017, the Harry Potter film series is the of all time, with the eight films released grossing over $7.7 billion worldwide. Without adjusting for inflation, this is higher than the first 22 films and the six films in the franchise. 's became the highest-grossing Harry Potter film worldwide upon completing its theatrical run in 2002, but it was eventually topped by 's, while 's grossed the least. Six films in the Harry Potter franchise — Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Parts 1 & 2 — have to date grossed around $216 million in theaters worldwide. Motion picture Release date Box office gross Budget Ref(s) United Kingdom USA & Canada (approx. ' Harry Potter was in the vanguard of a new approach to big-budget film-making. Most modern blockbuster franchises have two things in common: they are based on known properties such as books and comics, and they are steered by respected but little-known directors.' — The Harry Potter films and their success have been retrospectively considered to have had a significant impact on the. They are cited as having helped redefine the in the 21st century by initiating a shift toward established forming the basis of successful films. In the wake of the final film's release, Claudia Puig of wrote that the films 'inspired every major studio to try to capture [its] alchemic formula, spawning a range of copycats and wannabes' and 'also have shown Hollywood how to make a glossy blockbuster with an eye toward keeping costs down.' A 2009 article from argued that the films were 'in the vanguard' of adaptations of established properties being the modern film franchise model, citing, and as examples of successful film series that followed Harry Potter 's suit. Furthermore, the practice of splitting the finale of a film series into two began with the success of, and it would soon be replicated by and, and, and, and and its. The films are also widely credited with singlehandedly signalling the popularity of films based on and in the 2000s and 2010s, correlating with the book series' own literary influence. Costance Grady and Aja Romano, commenting on the whole Harry Potter franchise's legacy for in light of its 20th anniversary, wrote that youth-targeted literature has since become 'a go-to well of ideas for Hollywood,' pointing to the successes of, and. ', 13 July 2011. Accessed: 20 December 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2017. • ^ Dargis, Manohla; Scott, A. 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